Monday, April 27, 2020

Get the Scoop on Essay Topics for the Rocking Horse Winner Before Youre Too Late

Get the Scoop on Essay Topics for the Rocking Horse Winner Before You're Too Late Essay Topics for the Rocking Horse Winner - the Conspiracy It turned out to be a very simple designthe only ornamentation on this functional item of furniture. Your granddaddy was known among the best furniture makers in this region and his work might have commanded a premium price. The chair sat in the center of the room. Other strong metaphors incorporate the race horses and the notion of gambling generally. The legalized gambling is the principal reason behind horse racings long life. A lottery is thought of as one of the quickest ways of becoming wealthy. He would do it by rocking on his toy horse as though he was in the true race, and because of this he would get the understanding of the future accurately predict the winning horse in the race. He's gambling to get the money from betting in horse races. After all the work you've done you ought to sell it. If you're rich, you might lose your money. It's what causes you to get money. If you're lucky you've got money. The 5-Minute Rule for Essay Topics for the Rocking Horse Winner Lawrence chose London due to the different things happening in the city such, as the big races he mentioned that happened in England. Paul is very excited to have the ability to prove to his mother which he is, actually, lucky. He declares that he is lucky and that he will bring money to the family. He declared that he was a lucky person. His uncle sets this up through an attorney. The talk of the mother with her son Paul is also rather ironic, even though it also has some symbolism of the idea of luck. The theme within this story that was hidden by Lawrence was that luck isn't acquired, but it's found. In the start of the story the most important character Mrs.. How to Get Started with Essay Topics for the Rocking Horse Winner? On the other hand, the thought of stopping the tradition is thought to be the foolishness of young folks. It's based on tradition of former generations passed down over times of time as time passes. In reality the lottery is not a great thing but a terrible thing, which will end in a person's death. If it's so, then you might be having some challenging time for a student along with being a writer. Love is listening to the majority of people. Never worry, the superior angel Clarence will attempt to modify his mind. Court room trial to decide if a man can stay alive. God is everywhere at exactly the same time. Paul is compelled to cope with problems that ordinary children aren't subject to. The story has quite a considerable part to demonstrate in what way the parents are bad to their children. The children could feel that, even if nobody else could see it. This phase starts when the kid gets aware that it's distinct from the surrounding planet, and especially the mother. The fantastic mother isn't really excellent. Her family is attempting to stay informed about a tall class and superior status lifestyle on a middle class income. The house represented the terrible wonts. The whispering in the house symbolizes the urge to please his mother in order for the family can remain in the social class that they're accustomed to. The Rise of Essay Topics for the Rocking Horse Winner These results they state here are just like that predicted in the initial hypothesis. There are different topics to select from. The list of over 100 domestic violence research paper topics below will demonstrate that domestic violence takes on several forms it's now known that domestic. So far as the students are involved, writing a research paper is among the toughest and frustrating job in their opinion. What all you will need is getting the assistance from a specialist and EssaysChief is going to be the expert that you seek out. Lastly, the third amount of secrecy is via the use of symbolism. In your introduction, start with noting an intriguing pattern or tendency you've found in the quick story. In order to get rid of any of the plagiarism difficulties, it's highly advised you do not utilize it for you own writing purposes. Things You Won't Like About Essay Topics for the Rocking Horse Winner and Things You Will This is an excellent film especially in case you don't know the story. Furthermore, the story is a whole lot more consistent regarding plot, and fashion. Lawrence utilizes the character Hester as a sign of greed to display the repercussions of materialism. The characters don't observe the self destruction of the kid. The topic of the story is a quest to work out a winner. Inside my perspective both stories are ironic in the element of the major character death through the authentic problem and not getting an appropriate solution for it. Although they are very different with different symbolisms, both main characters end in devastating situations.

Argumentative Essay Topics For ESL Students - How to Get Started

Argumentative Essay Topics For ESL Students - How to Get StartedArgumentative essay topics for ESL students can be quite tricky because the students will have to read certain texts and apply their own ideas to that text. The students will also have to think about how they will compare or contrast the topic and the text and how they will integrate it into their own arguments in their essays.In a cultural diversity classroom, there are many argumentative essay topics that are of great interest for both English language learners and students from other languages. Here are some examples of essay topics for ESL students in the area of political theory. These topics include the relations between democracy and socialism, the relations between communism and capitalism, and the relationship between freedom and communism.To make your own topic as an argumentative essay topic for ESL students, look at your own topic, analyze it, then come up with your own analysis of the same topic and then go back to your text and apply the same analysis. You may want to think about other texts for these topics so that you will have something to reference to in your analysis.Your own original title should be made after you have come up with your own analysis of the topic. Then put your name on the text so that the text will be authentic and reflect the integrity of your own writing.After you have prepared your topic title, you need to figure out what your argument will be and how you will make the connection between your argument and the original title. The book can help you make connections between your title and your argument. If you don't know where to begin, you can search online and find many resource books that can be useful in your preparation of your argument.Write out a full body of your argument in the body of your title and put your name on the text after you have written out your arguments and your original title. Do not forget to close your argument with a quotation. Your ti tle must have good quality words with strong grammatical support and word density.These are just some of the argumentative essay topics for ESL students that you can use to help them to give a more persuasive piece of writing. This is one of the most important steps in preparing your essay for ESL students in a cultural diversity classroom because ESL students will have to read other texts with other perspectives and it is important that they recognize and respect those other voices and interpret those texts in a way that they will understand them well.

How to Start an Essay For College

How to Start an Essay For CollegeGetting a good grade in the college admissions test can be an extremely difficult task. People who are looking for help on how to start an essay for college will probably not give up too quickly. People who are already going through this process will know that it is not easy to get the best grade they can get. But if you are willing to persevere and the right approach, you can do just that.Of course, you must first understand what your qualifications are to be considered for college. If you don't meet all of the requirements for admission, you can still be admitted into a school but you might be put on probation. This means that you have to pay attention to your grades and show more effort in doing your schoolwork. If you have proven that you are capable and willing to complete your schoolwork on time, then you can have a greater chance of being admitted to a good college. Getting into a college requires a certain amount of work and perseverance that is being applied by most people who get into a good college.Another step that you can take in getting ready for a college essay is to learn the history of the essay question. It is also important to know what the guidelines are when it comes to writing an essay for college. Writing an essay for college can be very similar to the school entrance exam. The essay questions can be about the history of the institution or the majors that the person wants to pursue.Just like the test for the college entrance exam, you will be asked to give specific answers to some questions. What makes this essay especially hard is that it is actually set up for the student to do well. There are plenty of people who cannot give an accurate and correct answer to the essay questions that will be put before them. In fact, the essay tests that are required for the admissions test are quite similar to the essay test that is required for high school. It is important that you pay attention to the guideline that i s laid out to you for taking the test.When you are writing your essay for college, there are three main guidelines that you should follow. You need to think about what your strengths are, which you would like to emphasize and write about the difficulties that you face in life. All of these can be found in the essay. These guidelines are actually very simple to understand. The main thing to remember is that you have to be able to provide examples and key phrases that people will find valuable when reading your essay.Having said all that, once you are done with your essay, you can make sure that you are prepared by submitting it to the school that you want to go to. There are many places that you can submit your essay for. If you are a teacher, it would be wise to make sure that you submit it to the university in which you teach. Of course, if you are a counselor or administrator, you would submit it to the school that you work for.Getting the best grade in your essay for college can be very difficult, but it can also be very rewarding. It does not matter what type of college you end up going to because you are still going to graduate in a position where you can use that education for the rest of your life. The only thing that you have to do is take the right steps to make sure that you are able to do so.

The Value of the Sample Why X Essay Law Student Essay

The Value of the Sample Why X Essay Law Student EssayThere are many questions that one should have about the sample why X essay law student essay. But, what is the value of this type of essay, and how do you ensure that you will get a quality finished product? The answers to these questions can be found in this article.First, it is important to remember that you need to start with an original article. It is important to note that you don't necessarily have to create this article as you would with an individual composition. In fact, sometimes you may want to create a topic for your essay and then allow a professional to write your essay. This may sound like a lot of work, but it is really not.As soon as you are able to create an original piece of writing, you should begin to utilize the sample why X essay law sample to the fullest. This essay is very easy to follow, and it will make the point that you are trying to get across much easier to understand. Plus, you can easily see the var ious paths that you could have taken to arrive at the final result. Plus, you won't have to worry about spelling mistakes, which makes the job of editing easier.You can also go further than the sample why X essay and actually produce your own essay. This is another good way to make the point that you are trying to make. Plus, it will allow you to create a much more original piece of writing, so it will give you the ability to move on to more original pieces of writing.There are many different areas of law that the sample why X essay law student essay can provide the answers to. Remember that you are allowed to include a variety of points about the law, and the essay will be much more interesting to read if you are able to combine this with other pieces of writing.The last reason that you should not hesitate to utilize the sample why X essay law sample is that it gives you the opportunity to include law examples and references. This allows you to provide the reader with a great deal of background information on the law in a short amount of time. Plus, these types of essays tend to make the law much more comprehensible to the reader.In summary, the sample why X essay law student essay allows you to express yourself in a way that can be very different from the usual written form of the essay. This will provide the opportunity to give the reader information about the law in a way that they have never had before.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance free essay sample

Langston Hughes an African American writer and poet, that used his literary skills to advocate Civil Rights during the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was period in the 1920’s in which African Americans strived to produce literary and intellectual works in order enhance African American culture. At that time the Harlem Renaissance was called the â€Å"New Negro Movement†.] Langston Hughes is the most well known leader of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes supported his cause by producing literary works. Langston Hughes’s poems appear in The Crisis and The Nation. Hughes also, with the assistance of of other Harlem Renaissance leaders, created the magazine, Fire!! Devoted to Younger Negro Artists. The Harlem Renaissance strongly affected Hughes’s writings. Langston Hughes’s work during the Harlem Renaissance reflected how he felt about African Americans and racial injustice. His writing include emphasizing African American pride, encouragement for African Americans to keep fighting for civil justice and talk of African American culture becoming great. We will write a custom essay sample on Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These ideas that Hughes wrote about were evident in the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was specifically targeting African Americans and mostly only affected African Americans. The Harlem Renaissance affected African Americans exactly in the way it was supposed to, many African Americans began practicing literature and the arts. Just as the â€Å"New Negro Movement† wanted to do, to change African American culture more literary and art oriented. Langston Hughes’s writing impacted the African American people that read it during the Harlem Renaissance, his writing made them think about African American culture at that time period. Hughes’s writing influenced people to become immersed in literature and the arts. This affected the U.S. in a big way. Now the African American people are reading and writing literature and creating art. This now meant that the African American population was now producing more artistic and literary works, which increased the overall literary output of our country. This also made some white people less racist because it is hard to be racist against someone that has music that you listen to, or books that you read or art you admire.

Saturday, March 14, 2020

Individual Analysis Paper on Organizational Behaviour Essays

Individual Analysis Paper on Organizational Behaviour Essays Individual Analysis Paper on Organizational Behaviour Paper Individual Analysis Paper on Organizational Behaviour Paper Individual Analysis Paper Albert Sherman September 30, 2011 MGMT 320-52 Robert J. Niemi, Ph. D 1. What is the brief history of the company and its line of business is it involved in? Background/History: The field of Social Services happens to be one of the many areas in the State of Minnesota that provide serves to people with Developmental Disabilities and also mental health/behavioral. It can be further complicated by the overwhelming number of service options, multiple home care companies and other people’s opinions of what’s best. Seeing the need to serve these people Jamie Fenh was move to establish a company that will meet the needs of these people. Thereby in 2003 Pinnacle Services (PS) was founded to be a part of that industry catering to these people. PS compassionately responded to the need for assistance by offering an array of home care services. Its mean mission is to ensure that quality services are provided to the consumers they serve, so that those consumers may achieve their full potential and realize their dreams. PS sets out to achieve this mission by utilizing, investing, and celebrating their consumer’s needs, dreams, and choices in regards to where they live, learn, work and play. PS provides innovative support to help people achieve their personal goals and improve the quality of their lives. Their services are flexible. They meet each individual’s needs for design, delivery and level of support. It is PS’s goal to help the people they serve attain their highest level of achievement. They support them and their families in meeting their needs and accomplishing their goals. In addition, Pinnacle Services brings cultural diversity, consumer satisfaction, person-centered services, high standards and proven quality to the consumers they serve. Its competencies are to have the benefit of a shared administrative, highly motivated team with years of experience and knowledge to draw on. PS seeks to empower people to achieve their full potential and to realize their dreams. They are committed to creating and expanding opportunities for children and adults with disabilities. This is demonstrated by their agencies contribution to the realization of an individual’s choice of caregivers, support, housing, and employment opportunities. Organizational Design/Culture: 1. How is it structured as regard to organization? 2. What is the culture of the organization? The very nature of the field of industry requires one to be very flexible and be willing to quickly adapt to the non-ending changes that comes with it. This flexibility is one those traits that is seen in the amongst many employees within the organization. Pinnacle Services has many reasons for its success however the one that sticks out the most is its friendly and family oriented work environment that it has within its walls of employment. The polychronic culture exhibited by Jamie fehn, the Administrative Director, has largely contributed to the social nature of the company. More over the diversity of the people that PS employees is over whelming. This team includes culturally and professionally diverse staff with training in social work, psychology, special education, counseling, nursing, program management, financial management and documentation management. The CEO pointed out that PS, â€Å"We employ talented professionals who have completed a rigorous training which meets or exceed the requirements of the Department of Human Services, the Minnesota Department of Health, and of industry standards. † Its shared value /philosophy is to support individuals only as much as they require and to teach them the skills necessary to obtain and maintain community employment. PS is very careful in its interview process due to the interest it takes in finding qualified, energetic and caring employees to help support individuals improving their lives and helping all those who support and surround them. These highly qualify workers must meet the standard of the industry and also that of the Department of Human Services. These enthusiastic, motivated employees are than amalgamated in to the company and empowered to make decisions and demonstrate their individual creativity. Thereby, allowing them to maximum productivity in the rendering of care for their consumers. These enthusiastic employees become a part of the team that yields efficiency and output. We offer a great benefits package including: That affect the lives of the people they serve According to the adaptive perspective of organizational culture, organizations must be ready and willing to adapt to the ever-changing and evolving environment. This type of perspective shows that employees working within a successful adaptive culture support each other, are trusting of each other, and truly strive for the betterment of the organization. Nothing could be truer of the culture at SWA. This ? chip-in? attitude is found to be one that promotes a feeling of confidence in the organization and an expectancy of its long-term continued success. Pinnacle Services focuses on providing only what is necessary to promote the dignity of independence†¦. Read More The people we serve are capable, dependable and enthusiastic members of the workforce. Our philosophy is to support individuals only as much as they require and to teach them the skills necessary to obtain and maintain community employment†¦. Read More Careers Pinnacle Services is dedicated to providing high quality services to people with disabilities. We believe that our employees are the most important factor in providing these quality services. We are always looking for motivated employees that want to make a difference. We offer a great benefits package including: Leadership: SWA thrives on leadership. According to Joseph Rost? s Leadership for the Twenty-First Century, leadership can be defined as a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and a common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect intended change. (Freiberg, 298) At SWA, leadership is practiced through collaborative relationships. The employees of SWA work in relationships where the roles of the leader and collaborator are interchangeable. According to Tim McClure, ? Southwest has been building a company that has leaders within every rank and file of the business. They rise to the occasion at different points in their careers and at different times in the company? s growth, but when they are there-they are there.? (Ibid. , 299) At SWA, leadership is based on commitment, not compliance. Leadership is getting people to want to do what you want them to do because they share your purpose, vision, and values. When the interests of leaders and collaborators overlap, long-term commitment is the result. (Ibid. ) At SWA, this commitment must be earned. . How can you best describe the leadership style within the company? And how structured as it relates to Chain of Command (COC)? (participative or supportive) 2. How strong would you say that employees here composition a part of leadership or is there room wherein they even feel part of it. 3. Is there any composition of regular employees within leadership structure? One that has to do with concerns of your employees? The employees of SWA see themselves as leaders who can make a difference. Leadership inspires motivation among employees because they see that they are cared for and valued as people. When employees are motivated, there is an increase in your commitment to your work, and your work becomes more meaningful. SWA is big on employee recognition to increase leadership, which will increase motivation. Leaders raise people to higher levels of motivation by showing them how their individual contributions are linked to the major purposes of the organization. Employees who go above and beyond are recognized in SWA? s newsletter, LUV Lines. Leaders at SWA will use any means available to show people the importance of what they do. (Ibid. 314) Leaders will also show their belief in people by giving them assignments that are often way outside the boundaries of their normal job descriptions. Leaders at SWA show employees what extraordinary service looks like, then trusts them to do the right things. Decision Making: 1. As it relate to the company who make most of the major decisions, when it comes to the day to day affairs of the company who make the decision? 2. In the study of BO there are times when companies inquirer from its employees how to go about making decisions that will affect their jobs as it relate to pay, hours of work, benefits. Is there form of a participatory decision making within the company? Motivation/Rewards: 1. How best can you describe the motivating fact behind your employees wanting to continue working for this company? 2. Is there any form of a reward system within the organization? 3. Other than money is there other form of rewards if any for outstanding work? Staff Recognition Programs At Pinnacle Services we are committed to employee development. We offer all of our employees recognition for their hard work. There are a number of ways we recognize our employees, one of which is the employee of the month program. Our employees receive recognition in our quarterly newsletter and a gift certificate to a location of their choosing. Paid Time Off (PTO) We are proud to offer our fulltime employees paid time off which is sick and vacation time combined into one. Employees earn paid time off every month they work and the longer an employee works with our organization the more paid time off they can earn. Team/Group Dynamics: 1. In this line of work the cohesiveness is very vital to it goal achievement. How can you define what is that you have, a Team or Group. What are the dynamics by which they operate? . There has to be conflicts within any organization. How can you best describe how these conflicts are resolved. Either with leadership or with co-workers to co-worker? This team includes culturally and professionally diverse staff with training in social work, psychology, special education, counseling, nursing, program management, financial management and documentation management. We employ talente d professionals who have completed a rigorous training which meets or exceed the requirements of the Department of Human Services, the Minnesota Department of Health, and of industry standards. Our support planners are experienced professionals who work collaboratively with families, individuals with disabilities, elderly individuals, County and State officials, and other community agencies to carry out the SWA has instilled a corporate culture that creates the framework for effective and efficient groups/teams. The success of the teamwork begins with employee hiring. The personnel department was renamed the People department, and the training and development department was renamed the University for the People. Henderson, 9) SWA has established a Culture Committee which is charged with the task to indoctrinate both employees and customers in SWA? s different way of doing things. This demonstrates SWA? s commitment to training its employees to succeed within the team the team being the family at SWA. Kelleher has been successful in creating a family (team) rather than a traditional organizational structure. The teamwork is phenomenal at SWA. Its employees are willing to pi tch in wherever needed; they are willing to walk-or fly-the extra mile. Pilots might man the boarding gate if things are running slow; ticket agents might find themselves schlepping luggage. (Labich, 44) Communication: 1. What is the best line of communication that is used by Pinnacle to communicate with its employees? 2. Comm. is most often between two people the sender and the Receiver. 3. How well have employees understood these lines of communications? 4. How does or by what means does the company get it a result from its employees as to how well they received and decoded the communication? Communication, as defined in our textbook, is ? hose exchanges of information and influence between organizational members, at least one of whom has formal (as defined by official organizational sources) authority to direct and evaluate the activities of other organizational members.? (Kreitner, 497) Communication within organizations moves upward, downward, and laterally. Effective communication is critical for individual, group, and organization success. Like ma ny organizations, SWA uses numerous forms of communication media (e. g. , face-to-face, telephone calls, electronic mail, voice mail, etc. ). SWA faces barriers to its communication process, especially those of a physical nature. SWA has expanded into markets beyond the Dallas area, and this expansion has caused glitches in communications. (Feldman, 3) Power/Politics: 1. Who has power within the company, is it the CEO or is it the BOD? 2. Even though it is understood that this is a nonprofit business or for profit business what is the politics of the day to day running of the company? 3. Are decision base of a vote of majority rule. 4. Does the dynamic of power/politics make it difficult for decisions to be made and follow up on? 5. The fields of services that your organization is involved with, most see lots of competitions that come with it. How do you manage that? 6. What are some of the outside forces that fight against such organizations? 7. Learning and Value. Politics in the work place 1. What have you learned over the years of working with this company? Conclusion: Develop an analysis of the organization that focuses on Organizational Behavior concepts and theories. Examine the MGMT 320 Organization Analysis Rubric for Headings to use in your paper. (See below as well. ) Background/History: Describe the organization and identify concepts/theories evident from your research such as: Organization design, power and politics, Leadership (including style), Decision making (including model), Motivation (including theory), rewards, Communication, team/group dynamics, Organizational culture. Describe the organization from the three levels of organizational behavior (individual, group, organizational). Life Insurance Pinnacle Services offers a Life Insurance plan to all of its fulltime employees, contributing 100% of the monthly cost. Short-Term Disability We offer our fulltime employees a short-term disability policy that provides payments to an employee should they become disabled and cannot work. Our organization contributes to 75% of the cost of this benefit. Paid Time Off (PTO) We are proud to offer our fulltime employees paid time off which is sick and vacation time combined into one. Employees earn paid time off every month they work and the longer an employee works with our organization the more paid time off they can earn. Paid Training At Pinnacle Services we are committed to employee development. We offer all employees paid training in a variety of topics including but not limited to; First Aid CPR, Medication Administration, Data Privacy, Vulnerable Adults and Maltreatment of Minors Act. 01k Retirement We offer our salaried employees a 401k retirement plan with an employer match. This is a great way to save for retirement; employees can contribute some of their earnings pre-tax and Pinnacle Services will match a portion. Mileage Reimbursement We appreciate our employees using their vehicles when necessary. We therefore offer all employees reimbursement at . 405 cent s a mile for any driving they do related to their position./p>

Thursday, February 27, 2020

Open Source Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Open Source Software - Essay Example (Wheeler) Several peer-reviewed literatures suggest that using the OSS programs in many cases offers superior user interface and approach in contrast to their proprietary competitors. (Wheeler) Even with the above background review, many software users still are unaware of the very many user options that this utility presents. It is against this information that this paper examines two open source software (Neo Office 3.0 and Open Office) solutions as an alternative to Microsoft office 2010 applications. The paper examines the Open Source Software. The discussion compares the Open Source Software on grounds of the platform on which they are available, their affordability, available technical support, major features to meet the standards of a commercial product and arguments for and against the Open Source Software as a Commercial alternative to Microsoft Office 2010. Wheeler suggests that whatever the program, there are universal procedures for their evaluation. These steps are; iden tification of the candidates, examining existing literature reviews, applicability of the desired program to one’s personal needs, and analysis of the top candidates. Wheeler sums up the four sequential steps as â€Å"IRCA†; identify, review, compare and analyze. (Wheeler) Review of Microsoft Office 2010 Microsoft Office is a commercial workplace utility quite popular with most workplaces. The Office 2010 has a ribbon interface modification different from the traditional Office 2003 interface, additionally it has a file menu back into the tool bar making it easier to save and open files. Minimal system requirements for the program include 700MHz and a 512MB RAM with windows 7, XP or vista to be fully functional. Microsoft Office enjoys unlimited technical support: Microsoft Company, people with licenses from Microsoft, professional call centers and numerous books and websites that offer on time assistance to users with tips on configuration, modification and using Micr osoft Office with free resources especially for non-profit uses. Document sharing is simplified for this program because Microsoft has created standard file formats such as .doc, .docx. (For word) and .xls (for excel files). Microsoft also has enabled easier remote access using â€Å"Skydive† with standard file security if procedures adhered through allowing users to install Microsoft updates; firewalls, antivirus management and antispyware (Bonfield and Quinn). Equally, through the utilization of Microsoft outlook users are able to receive and send emails from Microsoft office. Other in built features includes; grammar checking, view document options, and pre-posted document formatting. (Bonfield and Quinn) Review of alternative Open Source Software to Microsoft Office 2010 OpenOffice.org OpenOfice.org 3.1 is the latest version of OpenOfice.org with the former being 3.0. The OpenOfice.org is versatile with Windows, Mac, Linux, and free suite being a preferred alternative to Microsoft Office suite. Additionally it is able to read and write to Microsoft Office supported formats and supports the Open Document Format (ODF) 1.2 standard. The suite is inbuilt with a word processing application, spreadsheet, presentations,